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Evolution Korea South Korea's democracy is prone to populist inclinations. It's still better than we had hoped for. The country is in search of an alternative development model. A Confucian culture that stresses respect for the ancestors and gendered family relations continues to influence the society. There are indications of a secularist cultural trend emerging. Origins In the prehistoric era the ancestors of the modern Koreans were capable of survival through hunting and gathering wild food. In the tens of thousands of years after they began to cultivate crops like millet and beans. They also raised livestock and produced furs. They created tribal states in Manchuria and later on the Korean peninsula. They also created a metallurgy business, making iron tools, including bronze. They traded with other nations and introduced block printing to Japan and also styles of art and a written language and papermaking. Gojoseon was founded in 2333 BCE on the southern peninsula. The state embraced Buddhism and adopted Chinese culture, including Confucian philosophy. During this time, the people of Buyeo joined Gojoseon. Gojoseon had a hierarchical structure that included a monarch as well as high-ranking officials were drawn from the landed aristocracy while the majority of the population was peasants. The state took taxes from these citizens and sometimes even forced them to join the army or build fortifications. By the end of this period, the state of Baekje was founded by Onjo who was a prince of Goguryeo and was the son of Jumong who was the founder of Goguryeo. This new kingdom expanded into the southwest of the peninsula, and clashed against Goguryeo's commanderies and China's in the area. Baekje accepted Confucian ideas into its state beliefs system in 1390 CE and introduced the male-centric concept of filiopiety a tenet. In the name of filiopiety, fathers were accountable to their families and they must be respected and obeyed by all, including their grandchildren and children. Goryeo, who would rule from 에볼루션 바카라 until 1392 CE introduced the world to the Hangul alphabet based on the shapes made by the mouth when it was pronounced. This dramatically improved communication between people, and led to an explosion in the writing of Buddhist texts. Woodblock printing and the movable metal type were also refined. It was at this time that the Samguk sagi, also known as 'History of the Three Kingdoms' was first written in 1145 CE. Evolution in Korea The Korean peninsula was habitable from Neolithic times onwards. Early evidence of human settlements can be found in the form of cist graves that were lined with stone, with precious objects like amazonite jewelry that were buried with the dead. Megalithic structures known as dolmens, built from enormous single stones, are also common throughout the country. In the first second half of the 1st millennium BCE, Gojoseon established itself as the first recognisable political state. The peninsula was ruled by several states during the Three Kingdoms period (57 BC- 635 CE) including Baekje Goguryeo and Silla. Additionally, the northern part of the peninsula was occupied by the Balhae kingdom, which many historians don't consider to be a valid Korean state. Following the Three Kingdoms, several smaller states emerged during the Proto-Three Kingdoms period, or Several States Period (yeolgugsidae). In all of them, Baekje was the most powerful state however, its dynasty ended when Goguryeo was defeated in 676 CE leaving it with its southern territories of Manchuria and the western region around Hwanghae Bay, while eastern Buyeo and the Gaya confederacy flourished for a short time. The Unified Silla kingdom then emerged and the three kingdoms began to cooperate to expand their territorial holdings. Silla with the help of the Chinese eventually conquered and unified the peninsula in 935. As Korea enters the post-crisis period the development paradigm of the country appears to be in flux. Those who are horrified by the cost of the old system are in favor of a comprehensive plan for liberalization of labor, capital and product markets. On the other hand, people who support the old system seek to keep it alive through nationalist sentiments, as well as by stoking fears of job losses. Academics and analysts are divided over the extent to which Korea's growth is influenced by these two trends. This article assesses the latest developments by analyzing five phases of Korea's political development that include democratic illiberalism (1945-60), democratic authoritarianism (1961-72), authoritarian exceptionalism (1972-87) democratic paternalism (1987-2001), and democratic participation (2002 to the present). This article also highlights important factors that appear to be shaping these processes. Creationism in Korea In South Korea, 26 percent of the population is Christian. Creationists have made progress in promoting their beliefs to this group. A survey from 2009 showed that nearly one-third of respondents didn't believe in evolution. Of the respondents, 41% stated that there was not enough evidence from science to support the theory 39% of respondents said that the theory did not align with their beliefs; and 17% said it was difficult to comprehend. This level of disbelief is similar to the United States where a similar percentage of people do not believe that humans evolved from less advanced forms of life. In the past, the anti-evolutionist campaign in Korea focused primarily on the education of students and the introduction of Christ to them. In 1980, a four-day creation science seminar was held in Seoul during the World Evangelization Crusade. Drs. Henry Morris and Duane Gish of ICR as the keynote speakers. This event drew an audience of scientists, professors and church leaders. The success of this event resulted in the establishment of the Korea Association of Creation Research (KACR) on January 31 1981. The inauguration meeting was widely reported in national newspapers, such as The Korea Times and Chosun Ilbo, and it attracted a lot of attention. KACR began publishing a monthly newsletter, CREATION, in which it reported on its activities and also published articles on scientific evidence for creationism. It also translated a number of slides and film strips from ICR as well as some books on the subject of creationism, which were published outside of Korea. KACR members lectured throughout the country at universities and churches. A KACR success was observed at KAIST University in Seoul. Students at KAIST in Seoul were so fascinated by creationism that they raised funds and received funding to construct a small museum dedicated to creation on campus. In addition to its activities, KACR has published a bimonthly publication called CREATION. The magazine covers a variety of topics in the field of creation science. It also hosted a series of lectures by ICR staff. It also has a network of local branches that hold seminars and provide talks to school children and other community groups. Evolution in South Korea In the late 19th century and beginning of 20th, Korea moved toward a Westernised lifestyle. The traditional Korean dress, the hanbok, was replaced by miniskirts and other fashion elements from abroad. In the same way, traditional Korean music styles were replaced with modern jazz and rock and roll. In the period of this transition the famous samulnori, also known as dance-dramas with masks were extremely popular. These dramatic pieces were performed to the accompaniment of shaman drums as well as different musical instruments. Korea's new development paradigm is being formed in the aftermath of the economic crisis. The new regime's main challenge is the balance between state-led economic policies and market-oriented ones. It also involves rethinking the incentives monitoring and discipline strategies that have created the system before the crisis. These issues are discussed in Chapters 3 and 4. Baekje, founded by Onjo Prince and third son of Jumong of Goguryeo was founded by people from the Hangang River area, Buyeo, and other areas and also by a migrant from northern China. In the 4th century, in the early part of, Baekje was a major regional power and expanded its territory as far as Mahan in the north and Jeollanam-do in the south. Consequently, it came into frequent confrontation with Goguryeo and the Chinese commanders along the border. The decline of Silla between the 8th and 9th centuries resulted in the rise of powerful local factions. Gungye was a nobleman from Later Baekje who established a kingdom in Songak with Songak as the capital. He was the ruler of a large portion of today's Jeolla province and Chungcheong. Later, he relocated the capital to Wansanju. He became an adversary to Goguryeo. However his rule was not long-lasting. Wang Geon, a powerful local leader who defeated Gungye in 935, and then united Goryeo, Baekje, and Silla Later, he incorporated Baekje into Goryeo without a fight as his successor. Wang Geon also introduced fundamental reforms, and strengthened the centrally-run system. This marked the end of the Three Kingdoms period. The Korean peninsula was then ruled by the Goryeo Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms Period, Goguryeo Baekje Silla slowly developed into powerful states on the peninsula, and in Manchuria.